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Conference Paper

Approche bayésienne pour la détection de la déforestation à partir de séries temporelles d’images SAR polarimétriques Sentinel-1

Authors: Bottani Marta and Ferro-Famil Laurent

In Proc. XXXème Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images (GRETSI), Strasbourg, France, August 25-29, 2025.

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Les séries temporelles d’images SAR polarimétriques Sentinel-1 (S1) sont cruciales pour analyser les changements environnementaux. La détection de la déforestation, associée à un point de changement dans une série temporelle, doit surmonter les défis liés à la saisonnalité et au caractère aléatoire de la réflectivité des environnements forestiers. Cet article propose une méthode bayésienne appliquée à des séries temporelles de données SAR, exploitant les propriétés polarimétriques partielles des mesures S1 pour une meilleure détection. Les résultats réels montrent que le modèle surpasse les modèles bivariés standards, les méthodes à polarisation unique et une méthode existante basé sur l’imagerie optique.

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Signal and image processing / Earth observation

Partitionnement de Graphe pour l'Identification de Goulots d'Étranglement Partagés

Authors: Grislain Paul, Lochin Emmanuel and Tourneret Jean-Yves

In Proc. XXXe Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images (GRETSI), Strasbourg, France, August 25-29, 2025.

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Un réseau IP peut être représenté sous la forme d'un graphe où les noeuds sont des routeurs et les arêtes des liens de communication IP. Ce graphe aide à analyser les interactions et les flux d'information au sein du réseau. Chaque routeur, agissant comme une file d'attente, gère le trafic avec une capacité de mémoire tampon et un débit de sortie. Lorsque le trafic entrant dépasse cette capacité, une congestion se produit, dégradant le service. Identifier ces goulots d'étranglement est crucial pour évaluer la performance du réseau. Cet article explore une méthode de partitionnement de graphe permettant de regrouper les flux partageant un goulot commun à l'aide d'un modèle probabiliste plus général que ceux de la littérature.

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Networking / Space communication systems

Un Nouveau Modèle Probabiliste pour l’Identification Modale sur un Diagramme de Campbell

Authors: Berezin Alexandre, Rotrou Yann, Tourneret Jean-Yves and Vincent François

In Proc. XXXème Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images (GRETSI), Strasbourg, France, August 25-29, 2025.

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L’identification modale des machines tournantes constitue un enjeu majeur pour la conception industrielle, notamment dans le domaine aéronautique. Dans ce contexte, la présence d’harmoniques et la dépendance des modes au régime compliquent l’analyse des signaux. Cet article propose un modèle probabiliste original pour détecter les modes propres à partir d’une carte de détection construite sur un diagramme de Campbell. Deux variantes de l’algorithme EM sont développées : une version classique et une version à classification sous contrainte (CEM) garantissant l’unicité des affectations le long des harmoniques. Les performances sont évaluées à l’aide de données simulées et comparées à la méthode RANSAC. Les résultats montrent que l’approche proposée améliore la précision d’identification et la robustesse aux outliers.

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Signal and image processing / Other

Réception par satellite de messages AIS avec annulation successive d’interférences et un algorithme de Viterbi à liste optimisé

Authors: Kanaan Linda, Amis Karine, Guilloud Frédéric and Chauvat Rémi

In Proc. XXXème Colloque Francophone de Traitement du Signal et des Images (GRETSI), Strasbourg, France, August 25-29, 2025.

Les satellites qui reçoivent les paquets AIS (Automatic Identification System) émis depuis des zones de trafic maritime dense subissent les effets d’une surcharge du canal AIS due au nombre élevé des navires. Les collisions entre messages AIS peuvent alors empêcher leur détection. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l’amélioration du processus d’annulation successive d’interférences à partir de l’algorithme de détection élémentaire d’un message AIS. Pour cela, nous considérons la combinaison de l’algorithme de Viterbi à liste parallèle (PLVA) avec le détecteur du code CRC (contrôle de redondance cyclique) dont nous avons établi l’efficacité dans une étude précédente. L’intérêt du PLVA dans un récepteur par annulation successive d’interférences est démontré au travers des simulations avec un modèle simple mais suffisament réaliste du système AIS.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems

Neural Network Decoding of Polar Codes with Large Kernels

Authors: Bioglio Valerio, De Boni Rovella Gastón and Benammar Meryem

In Proc. 13th International Symposium on Topics in Coding (ISTC), pp. 1-5, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Aug. 18-22, 2025.

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Polar codes with large kernels offer improved error-correction performance but suffer from high decoding complexity due to costly marginalization operations. In this work, we propose neural network (NN)-based approximations of these marginalization functions, enabling efficient decoding for arbitrary linear kernels. We show that training on all-zero partial codewords is sufficient for linear kernels, significantly reducing the dataset size and allowing for smaller, faster NN models. Our method is evaluated within a Successive Cancellation (SC) decoder, being compatible with any blocklength, code rate, or SNR. Experimental results for kernel size 16 demonstrate strong performance and substantial complexity savings over exact marginalization.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems and Other

Lie Group Bayesian Modeling of the von Mises Concentration Parameter

Authors: Morales Aguirre Estebán, Labsir Samy, Priot Benoît, Gazzino Clément and Pages Gaël

In Proc. 28th FUSION conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 7-11, 2025.

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In this communication, we propose a new Bayesian framework to characterize the concentration parameter of the von Mises distribution. To achieve this, we equip this parameter with a Lie group structure. We design a Lie group (LG) estimator by incorporating prior information modeled by a Gaussian distribution on R+. This estimator is determined using a dedicated optimization algorithm on R+. The performance of this estimator is then evaluated by computing a new expression of the Bayesian Cram´er-Rao bound on the Lie group (LG-BCRB) R+. The consistency between the proposed estimator and the LGBCRB is validated through numerical simulations by comparing it with the Bayesian Mean Squared Error.

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Networking / Space communication systems

Application of the List Viterbi Algorithm for Satellite-based AIS Detection

Authors: Kanaan Linda, Amis Karine, Guilloud Frédéric and Chauvat Rémi

In Proc. IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, June 23-26, 2025.

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Satellites receiving Automatic Identification System (AIS) packets in dense areas are particularly prone to AIS channel overload due to the extensive number of vessels. Thus a failure of detection might be caused by the collisions among AIS messages. To improve the detection capability, we propose to exploit the presence of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in AIS frames by using the parallel list Viterbi algorithm (PLVA) instead of the classical Viterbi algorithm (VA) often used for decoding AIS signals. The performance of combining the PLVA with AIS post processing including the CRC is studied with two detectors, one coherent and the other differential, in two channel models: a single-user AWGN channel and a more realistic multiple-access AIS channel. We also show the impact of the PLVA parameters on the success recovery rate. The simulation results show that the resulting procedure can significantly improve the packet error rate (PER) at the cost of a limited increase of the computational complexity. The proposed technique could be applied to improve the performance of interference cancellation receivers by significantly lowering the AIS decoding threshold.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems

Rhqc: Post-Quantum Ratcheted Key Exchange From Coding Assumptions

Authors: Juaneda Julien, Dehez-Clementi Marina, Deneuville Jean-Christophe and Lacan Jérôme

In Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, June 22-27, 2025.

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Key Exchange mechanisms (KE or KEMs) such as the Diffie-Hellman protocol have proved to be a cornerstone conciliating the efficiency of symmetric encryption and the practicality of public key primitives. Such designs however assume the non-compromission of the long term asymmetric key in use. To relax this strong security assumption, and allow for modern security features such as Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) or Post Compromise Security (PCS), Ratcheted-KE (RKE) have been proposed. This work proposes to turn the Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) cryptosystem into such a Ratcheted-KE, yielding the first code-based such construction. Interestingly, our design allows indifferently one party to update the key on-demand rather than the other, yielding a construction called bi-directionnal RKE, which compares favorably to generic transformations. Finally, we prove that the resulting scheme satisfies the usual correctness and key-indistinguishability properties, and suggest concrete sets of parameters, assuming different reallife use cases.

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Digital communications / Space communication systems

On Selecting a Routing Protocol for Nanosatellite Swarm Networks

Authors: Basset Louis, Dhaou Riadh, Lochin Emmanuel, Pontet Bernard, Pradas David and Tauran Bastien

In Proc. 101st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring), Oslo, Norway, June 17-20, 2025.

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Routing in nanosatellites swarms presents distinct challenges, including variable node availability, constrained bandwidth, and dynamic topology. Strategies like delay-tolerant networking (DTN) can be advantageous, as they adapt to intermittent connectivity by storing and forwarding data when connections are established. Moreover, geographic routing protocols that exploit satellite positions can improve efficiency, while machine learning approaches may optimize routing decisions based on changing network conditions. What about hybrid approaches that may combine some of these methods? Basically, the crucial question is where to begin. The primary challenge for nanosatellites network designers is to determine which routing strategies to test prior to deployment. Given the vast number of existing routing protocols, testing all of them is not possible. This problem motivates the present study, which share the authors' experiences on selecting the most suitable routing algorithms for a given nanosatellites swarm. In particular, the study reports how the use of graph theory metrics helps in restricting the set of routing algorithms to be considered for network characterization and protocol selection.

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Networking / Space communication systems

Journal Paper

In-Flight Estimation of Instrument Spectral Response Functions Using Sparse Representations

Authors: El Haouari Jihanne, Gaucel Jean-Michel, Pittet Christelle, Tourneret Jean-Yves and Wendt Herwig

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT), vol. 18, issue 12, pp. 2573-2590, June, 2025.

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High resolution spectrometers are composed of different optical elements and detectors that must be modeled as accurately as possible. Specifically, accurate estimates of Instrument Spectral Response Functions (ISRFs) are critical in order not to compromise the retrieval of trace gas concentrations from spectral measurements. Currently, parametric models are used to estimate these response functions. However, these models cannot always take into account the diversity of ISRF shapes that are encountered in practical applications. This paper studies a new ISRF estimation method based on a sparse representation of the ISRF in a dictionary. The proposed method is shown to be very competitive when compared to parametric models, yielding up to one order of magnitude smaller normalized ISRF estimation errors. The method is applied to different high-resolution spectrometers, demonstrating its reproducibility for multiple remote sensing missions.

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Signal and image processing / Earth observation

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